9 Types of Horse Bits and How to Choose the Best One
Michelle DrumA bit is one of the most important tools in developing communication between you and your horse. But choosing a bit for your horse is far from simple. Each mouthpiece and cheek piece work together to create a different result. With so many options, it can be hard to know where to get started!
Whether you’re new to riding or looking to try a new bit, understanding the different types of bits and how each one works is key. In this guide, we’ll explore nine common types of horse bits and help you discover the best one for you and your horse.
What is a horse bit?
A horse bit is a metal piece that fits inside the horse’s mouth, attaching to the bridle and reins to allow the rider to keep contact with the horse’s head. It rests between the incisors and molars, where horses have no teeth, and applies pressure to the mouth when the reins are pulled. Together with leg and voice cues, the bit helps you communicate directions to your horse.
Parts of a horse bit
A horse bit is made up of two main parts: a mouthpiece and a cheek piece. Each piece can vary in size or material, and when looking for a bit, it’s important to know how these variations affect its function. Some bit styles may include additional parts like curb chain, shanks, or rein rings that influence the leverage effect of the bit.
Mouthpiece
The mouthpiece is the main part of the bit that goes in the horse’s mouth. When choosing a mouthpiece, the main considerations are the material it’s made out of, the thickness of the mouthpiece, and whether it’s single- or double-jointed.
Mouthpieces are commonly made of metals like stainless steel, sweet iron, copper, or aluminum, and each horse may prefer certain materials over others. Stainless steel doesn’t rust, while sweet iron and copper are more palatable to horses. Rubber or plastic bits are sometimes used for young horses or horses with sensitive mouths since they’re a softer material.
A mouthpiece’s thickness affects how the bit works with your horse’s anatomy. Horses with a fleshy tongue or low palate may prefer a thinner mouthpiece, as it’s less likely to get in their way. Bit thickness is measured in millimeters and is different from bit size, which refers to the length of the bit across the horse’s mouth. While bit thickness ranges from 12 to 21 millimeters, bit size is typically between 120 and 160 millimeters.
Mouthpieces can also be solid or jointed. Jointed mouthpieces are “broken” in one or several places and fall around the tongue. While a solid mouthpiece puts more pressure on the tongue, a jointed mouthpiece distributes the pressure across the bars of the mouth and the lips. Some solid mouthpieces have a port at the center to create space for the tongue. Additionally, some mouthpieces have a twisted texture designed to provide stronger cues to the horse. A more twisted mouthpiece provides a stronger input.
Cheek piece
A snaffle bit’s simple design consists only of a mouthpiece and a cheek piece. The cheek piece comes in various shapes–loose ring, D-ring, eggbutt, and full cheek–each applying pressure to the horse’s mouth in a slightly different way. These subtle variations in pressure influence how the horse responds to the rider’s cues.
Shanks
On a curb bit, the long metal pieces that run alongside the horse’s mouth are called shanks. Shanks not only connect the mouthpiece to the rein rings but also serve to create leverage. This leverage amplifies the rider’s rein aids, providing multiplied pressure.
Curb chain
The curb chain attaches to the top ends of the shanks and goes under the horse’s chin. Its purpose is to prevent the curb bit from applying too much pressure on the horse’s mouth while distributing some pressure to the chin for additional signaling.
Rein rings
On a curb bit, the shanks feature rein rings where the reins are attached. The rings located in the middle of the shanks are known as snaffle rings, while those at the bottom are called curb rings. In English riding, one rein is typically attached to a snaffle ring and the other to a curb ring, giving the rider fine-tuned feedback.
Curb bit vs. snaffle
Bits work by applying either direct pressure or leverage, which is the main difference between a curb bit and a snaffle bit. A snaffle bit works with direct pressure, meaning the amount of force the rider applies through the reins is exactly what the horse feels. The reins attach directly to the bit’s mouthpiece, applying pressure to areas like the tongue, the corners of the mouth, and the bars of the horse’s mouth.
On the other hand, a curb bit uses leverage to multiply the amount of pressure applied. Curb bits distribute pressure to the horse’s poll, chin, and mouth, with the reins attached to the shanks. The longer the shank, the greater the leverage effect. However, the leverage can be intense, so we recommend that curb bits be used only by experienced riders to avoid causing any discomfort. Snaffles and gentler bits are more commonly used by beginner riders.
Combination bits are commonly used at higher levels and combine a hackamore with a mouthpiece, offering riders a more nuanced ability to control different areas of the horse’s mouth and head. Usually, English combination bits feature a gag bit which may have a snaffle mouthpiece, depending on the style.
9 different types of horse bits
When you combine different mouthpieces with different cheek pieces, you get nearly endless different types of horse bits. However, there are a few tried-and-true styles that riders at every level choose year after year. Here are nine of the most popular types of horse bits and their uses.
Eggbutt snaffle bit
A popular choice for its simplicity and comfort, the eggbutt snaffle has egg-shaped rings fixed to the bit. This design prevents the bit from pinching the horse’s mouth, making it a gentle, comfortable option for many horses. While the eggbutt snaffle is a good choice for beginners and sensitive horses, some strong horses may not respond to this bit.
Loose ring snaffle bit
A loose ring snaffle bit is often used to train young and green horses. Since the rings are not fixed, the bit is flexible and not restrictive to a horse just learning to accept contact. This allows the horse to situate the bit in a comfortable position in his mouth. However, the loose ring design could cause pinching, particularly if you have a mouthy horse or one that plays with his bit. If your horse’s body language indicates that the bit is pinching, you can purchase bit guards to keep the hinge of the bit away from your horse’s sensitive skin.
D-ring snaffle bit
This type of snaffle bit has D-shaped rings fixed to either side. Popular for training young horses, the D-ring cheekpiece helps keep the snaffle mouthpiece in a consistent position, allowing riders to clearly communicate with their horse around tight turns. D-ring snaffles are a comfortable option for many horses and are popular in the hunter discipline.
Full cheek snaffle bit
The full cheek snaffle bit can be useful for training young or inexperienced horses. It exerts lateral pressure on the sides of the mouth to encourage response to rein signals. The cheek pieces are long to help keep the bit in place, providing control during turns. Full cheek snaffles are often used with bit keepers to hold the cheek pieces in position and prevent them from getting caught on surroundings.
Kimberwick bit
The Kimberwick bit has a D-ring design and a mild leverage effect that prompts the horse to lower his head. Although the Kimberwick is considered a curb bit, it doesn’t have shanks, making it less harsh. There are two styles: the classic Kimberwick and the Uxeter Kimberwick, which features slots for the reins, offering more leverage. Both styles provide some leverage, but the Uxeter’s rein slots allow for more precise control. Kimberwick bits come in a variety of mouthpieces, including jointed, unjointed, low port, and roller mouth. It’s often used for stronger horses in show jumping, cross-country, and trail riding but is not allowed in dressage competitions.
Weymouth bit
Used in advanced dressage, the Weymouth bit applies significant curb pressure and is paired with double reins for refined communication between horse and rider. This bit requires precise handling and is to be used only by experienced riders due to its strong leverage effect.
Pelham bit
Combining elements of both a snaffle and curb bit, the Pelham bit features shanks that create leverage and apply pressure on the poll and curb for added control. Although Pelham bits can be used with two reins for more precise communication, intermediate riders may find it easier to use one rein with bit connectors to join the snaffle with the curb. Due to its strength, the Pelham bit is often used in the equitation ring and fox hunting but is not permitted in dressage.
Gag bit
The gag bit is designed for horses that tend to lean on or pull strongly on the bit. It creates upward pressure on the lips and poll, encouraging the horse to raise his head and become more responsive. Typically used in show jumping, eventing, and polo, the gag bit provides extra leverage and should not be used in hunter or dressage events where the horse is expected to appear relaxed. Gag bits should be handled by experienced riders–the leverage can be quite strong.
Breaking bits
Breaking bits are specifically designed for young or inexperienced horses to provide comfort and encourage responsiveness as they start learning to wear a bit. The roller snaffle bit features oval metal pieces that promote jaw relaxation through playful interaction. Encased in a rubber material, rubber snaffles provide a gentle option ideal for sensitive mouths. Mullen mouth bits are unjointed and curve over the tongue, ensuring a gentle fit without excessive pressure.
What types of bits are best for horses?
Ever wonder why there are so many types of horse bits? It’s simple–every horse is unique. Horses vary in size, conformation, temperament, and preferences, so bits are far from one-size-fits-all. When looking for the best bit for your horse, it’s important to consider:
- Mouth size: If the bit is too small, it will pinch your horse’s mouth and cause discomfort. If it’s too big, it will slide around, making communication difficult.
- Conformation: Horses have different tongue thicknesses, jaw alignments, and head carriage, which determine whether they need a thicker or thinner bit.
- Injuries: If your horse has a sensitive or injured mouth, choose a gentler bit. A bit that’s comfortable for your horse will provide the most effective communication.
- Experience level: Snaffle and breaking bits are best for beginner riders and young or inexperienced horses. Curbs bits are best for horses that are experienced or respond to stronger pressure and riders who have mastered precise cueing.
- Discipline: Different disciplines have specific requirements for the types of bits used. Make sure you choose one that fits your riding style.
- Preference: Observe what kind of pressure your horse best responds to, whether that be on the poll, tongue, mouth, or curb. Your horse may also prefer certain bit materials over others.
At the end of the day, what’s most important is keeping your horse happy. When choosing a new bit to try, consider these factors to prioritize your horse’s comfort.
What is the most gentle bit for a horse?
The most comfortable bit for your horse is one that fits properly. Always take your horse’s mouth size and conformation into consideration when shopping for a bit. If your horse has any mouth pain or sensitivity, consider a bit with a port that provides room for the tongue, reducing pressure in that area. Rubber snaffles are another gentle option, ideal for horses with sensitive mouths.
If your horse refuses bits, has a mouth injury, or experiences mouth sensitivity, a hackamore may be the way to go. Hackamores are a type of bitless bridle with shanks and a noseband that apply pressure to the nose, chin, and poll using leverage. Like curb bits, hackamores are reserved for riders who are experienced giving cues with leverage.
Using your bit correctly is also crucial for your horse’s comfort. Bits become uncomfortable when too much pressure is applied, or when pressure is applied in the wrong areas. Know your skill level when choosing a bit for your horse–if you’re a beginner, stick with something gentle like a snaffle bit, and make sure you receive the proper training before trying a curb bit or hackamore.
How to choose the right type of bit for your horse
Choosing the right bit is a process that starts with understanding your horse’s needs. Begin by deciding between a snaffle or curb bit, and then choose the appropriate mouthpiece style and width for your horse. Here are some tips to follow when choosing a bit for your horse:
- Know your horse. Before shopping for a bit, spend time working with your horse, and learn how to communicate with him.
- Stick with what works. If your horse is already comfortable with a particular type of bit, keep using it unless there’s a reason to change things up.
- Consider your goals. What do you want to accomplish with the bit? You may want to increase control, supplement training, or improve comfort for your horse.
- Start with a gentle bit. If the horse isn’t used to a bit or you’re switching styles, start with the gentlest bit that still facilitates communication. Gradually introduce a stronger bit if needed.
- Try before you buy. Borrow a bit from a fellow rider that has the style you’re considering. Test how well it fits and how your horse responds. You can also place the bit in your hand and pull on it to mimic how it will feel when you apply reins.
Choosing the right type of bit for your horse is a trial-and-error process. You may need to try several before finding one that works for you and your horse.
Choosing an English horse bit
Choosing the right bit is key to effective communication with your horse. Balance your horse’s comfort and responsiveness with their experience, and don’t hesitate to try a new bit if needed.
Ready to find the perfect bit? Browse our full collection or call us at 864-457-3557 with any questions—we’re always happy to help!
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